Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa za Banga; (born Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; 14 October 1930 – 7 September 1997), often
shortened to Mobutu Sese Seko or Mobutu and also known by his initials MSS, was a Congolese politician and military officer
who was the 1st and only President of Zaire from 1971 to 1997. Previously, Mobutu served as the
2nd President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1965 to 1971. He also served as the 5th Chairman
of the Organization of African Unity from 1967
to 1968. During the Congo Crisis,
Mobutu, serving as Chief of Staff of the Army and supported by Belgium and the
United States, deposed the democratically elected government of left-wing
nationalist Patrice Lumumba in
1960. Mobutu installed a government that arranged for Lumumba's execution in
1961, and continued to lead the country's armed forces until he took power
directly in a second coup in 1965.
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